पेंढें [ pēṇḍhēṃ ] n Weaver’s term. A cord-loop or metal ring (as attached to the गुलडा of the बैली and to certain other fixtures).
पेंडकें [ pēṇḍakēṃ ] n Weaver’s term. A cord-loop or metal ring. Rebus:
पेठ or पेंठ [ pēṭha or pēṇṭha ] f ( H) A manufacturing or trading town, an emporium, a mart: also a markettown.
Ta. meṭṭu mound, heap of earth; mēṭu height, eminence, hillock; muṭṭu rising ground, high ground, heap. Ma. mēṭu rising ground, hillock; māṭu hillock, raised ground; miṭṭāl rising ground, an alluvial bank; (Tiyya) maṭṭa hill. Ka. mēḍu height, rising ground, hillock; miṭṭu rising or high ground, hill; miṭṭe state of being high, rising ground, hill, mass, a large number; (Hav.) muṭṭe heap (as of straw). Tu. miṭṭè prominent, protruding; muṭṭe heap. Te. meṭṭa raised or high ground, hill; (K.) meṭṭu mound;
miṭṭa high ground, hillock, mound; high, elevated, raised, projecting; (VPK) mēṭu, mēṭa, mēṭi stack of hay; (Inscr.) meṇṭa-cēnu dry field (cf. meṭṭu-nēla, meṭṭu-vari). Kol. (SR.) meṭṭā hill; (Kin.) meṭṭ, (Hislop) met mountain. Nk. meṭṭ hill, mountain.
Ga. (S.3, LSB 20.3) meṭṭa high land. Go. (Tr. W. Ph.) maṭṭā, (Mu.) maṭṭa mountain; (M. L.) meṭāid., hill; (A. D. Ko.) meṭṭa, (Y. Ma. M.) meṭa hill; (SR.) meṭṭā hillock Konḍa meṭa id. Kuwi (S.) metta hill; (Isr.) meṭa sand hill.(DEDR 5058). Rebus: meḍ ‘iron’ (Ho.Munda)
G. bhaṛ m. ʻ warrior, hero, opulent person ʼ, adj. ʻ strong, opulent ʼ, S.kcch. bhaṛ ʻ brave ʼ; Garh. (Śrīnagrī dial.) bhɔṛ, (Salānī dial.) bheṛ ʻ warrior ʼ.(CDIAL 9588) Rebus: baṭa ‘iron’ (Gujarati)bhaṭa ‘furnace’ bhātaḍ n. ʻ bellows, quiver ʼ; <-> (X bhráṣṭra — ?) N. bhã̄ṭi ʻ bellows ʼ, H. bhāṭhī f OA. bhāthi ʻ bellows ʼ (CDIAL 9424) bhráṣṭra n. ʻ frying pan, gridiron ʼ MaitrS. [√
]Pk. bhaṭṭha — m.n. ʻ gridiron ʼ; K. büṭhü f. ʻ level surface by kitchen fireplace on which vessels are put when taken off fire ʼ; S. baṭhu m. ʻ large pot in which grain is parched, large cooking fire ʼ, baṭhī f. ʻ distilling furnace ʼ; L. bhaṭṭh m. ʻ grain — parcher’s oven ʼ, bhaṭṭhī f. ʻ kiln, distillery ʼ, awāṇ. bhaṭh; P. bhaṭṭh m., °ṭhī f. ʻ furnace ʼ, bhaṭṭhā m. ʻ kiln ʼ; N. bhāṭi ʻ oven or vessel in which clothes are steamed for washing ʼ; A.bhaṭā ʻ brick — or lime — kiln ʼ; B. bhāṭi ʻ kiln ʼ; Or. bhāṭi ʻ brick — kiln, distilling pot ʼ; Mth. bhaṭhī, bhaṭṭī ʻ brick — kiln, furnace, still ʼ; Aw.lakh. bhāṭhā ʻ kiln ʼ; H. bhaṭṭhā m. ʻ kiln ʼ, bhaṭ f. ʻ kiln, oven, fireplace ʼ; M. bhaṭṭā m. ʻ pot of fire’S.kcch. bhaṭṭhī keṇī ʻ distil (spirits) ʼ(CDIAL 9656)
aḍaren, ḍaren lid, cover (Santali) Rebus: aduru ‘native metal’ (Ka.) aduru = gan.iyinda tegadu karagade iruva aduru = ore taken from the mine and not subjected to melting in a furnace (Kannada) (Siddhānti Subrahmaṇya’ śāstri’s new interpretation of the Amarakośa, Bangalore, Vicaradarpana Press, 1872, p. 330)
dula ‘two’ Rebus: dul ‘cast metal’. Thus, native metal casting.
kana, kanac = corner (Santali); kañcu = bronze (Te.) kan- copper work (Ta.)
Pa. kuṭila— ‘bent’, n. ‘bend’; Pk. kuḍila— ‘crooked’, °illa— ‘humpbacked’, °illaya— ‘bent’ (CDIAL 3231) Rebus: kuṭila ’bronze’
‘Sloping’: ढाळदार [ ḍhāḷadāra ] a ( H) Sloping esp. steeply sloping.(Marathi) Rebus: ḍhāḷako ‘large ingot’ (Gujarati)
’rim of jar’: kaṇḍ kan-ka, ‘rim-of-jar’; rebus: ‘furnace-scribe’ (Santali). कारणी or कारणीक [ kāraṇī or kāraṇīka ] the supercargo of a ship &c. (Marathi)
See an earlier occurrence read rebus in the inscription. kuṭila ’curved’ Rebus: ‘bronze’
kolom ‘three’ Rebus: kolami ‘smithy, forge’ PLUS meṭa sand hill.(DEDR 5058). Rebus: meḍ ‘iron’ (Ho.Munda) PLUS पिढें [ piḍhēṃ ] n (पीठ S) A sort of stool. Rebus: पेठ or पेंठ [ pēṭha or pēṇṭha ] f ( H) A manufacturing or trading town, an emporium, a mart: also a markettown. Vikalpa: Kur. kaṇḍō a stool. Malt. kanḍo stool, seat. (DEDR 1179) Rebus: kaṇḍ ‘fire-altar, furnace’ (Santali) kāṇḍa ’stone ore’.
kole.l ‘temple’ Rebus: kole.l ‘smithy’.
ranku ‘liquid measure’ Rebus: ranku ‘tin’ (Santali)
Rebus: baṭa ‘quail’ Rebus: baṭa ‘iron’ (Gujarati)bhaṭa ‘furnace’ baṭa = kiln (Santali).
ḍõgā trough, canoe, ladle (H.)(CDIAL 5568). Rebus: ḍānro term of contempt for a blacksmith (N.); ḍangar (H.) (CDIAL 5524) Vikalpa: muka ‘ladle’ muh ‘ingot’ (Santali) blacksmith (N.); ḍangar (H.) (CDIAL 5524) PLUS baṭa ‘rimless pot’ Rebus: Rebus: baṭa ‘iron’ (Gujarati)bhaṭa ‘furnace’ baṭa = kiln (Santali).. Thus, ingot kiln.
mogge ‘sprout’ Rebus: muh ‘ingot’ PLUS kolmo ‘paddy plant’ Rebus: kolami ‘smithy, forge’.
‘Sloping’: ढाळदार [ ḍhāḷadāra ] a ( H) Sloping esp. steeply sloping.(Marathi) Rebus: ḍhāḷako ‘large ingot’ (Gujarati)
ayo ‘fish’ Rebus: ayas ‘metal (alloy)’(Vedic); aya ‘iron’ (Gujarati)
See an earlier occurrence on a copper plate. kolom ‘three’ Rebus: kolami ‘smithy, forge’ PLUS meṭa sand hill.(DEDR 5058). Rebus: meḍ ‘iron’ (Ho.Munda) PLUS पिढें [ piḍhēṃ ] n (पीठ S) A sort of stool. Rebus: पेठ or पेंठ [ pēṭha or pēṇṭha ] f ( H) A manufacturing or trading town, an emporium, a mart: also a markettown. Vikalpa: Kur. kaṇḍō a stool. Malt. kanḍo stool, seat. (DEDR 1179) Rebus: kaṇḍ ‘fire-altar, furnace’ (Santali) kāṇḍa ’stone ore’.
Second hieroglyph from right on the text is comparable to the ‘triple hillock’ motif read rebus above. Other hieroglyphs on the text are hazy and hence decipherment not done.
kol ‘tiger’ Rebus: kolhe ‘smelter’ kol ‘working in iron’ (Tamil) PLUS koḍ ‘horns’ Rebus: koḍ ‘workshop’.
loa ‘ficus religiosa’ (Santali) Rebus: lo ‘copper’ (Assamese. Bengali); loh id. (Sanskrit)
ḍaṅgra ‘bull’ Rebus: ḍāṅgar, ḍhaṅgar ‘blacksmith’ (Hindi).
पोळ [ pōḷa ] m A bull dedicated to the gods, marked with a trident and discus, and set at large. See:http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.com/2013/06/asur-metallurgists.html Magnetite a type of iron ore is called POLA by the Asur (Meluhha).
aḍar ḍangra ‘zebu’ read rebus: aduru ḍhangar ‘native-unsmelted-metal blacksmith’(Santali); aduru denotes ‘unsmelted, native metal’. ḍhangar ‘blacksmith’ (Maithili) aduru ಗಣಿಯಿಂದ ತೆಗದು ಕರಗದೆ ಇರುವ ಅದುರು (Kannada) gan.iyinda tegadu karagade iruva aduru = ore taken from the mine and not subjected to melting in a furnace (Ka. Siddhānti Subrahmaṇya Śastri’s new interpretation of the Amarakośa, Bangalore, Vicaradarpana Press, 1872, p.330). adar = fine sand (Tamil) aduru native metal (Kannada); ayil iron (Tamil) ayir, ayiram any ore (Malayalam); ajirda karba very hard iron (Tulu)(DEDR 192). Rebus: ḍhangar ‘blacksmith’ (Maithili)
khũṭ mʻ Brahmani bull ʼ (Kathiawar).(CDIAL 3899) (Kathiawar) khũṭro m. ʻ entire bull used for agriculture, not for breedingʼ(Gujarati). Rebus 1: khũṭ ‘community’ (Guild). Cf. khũṭ a community, sect, society, division, clique, schism, stock (Santali) kuṭhi, kut.i (Or.; Sad. koṭhi) the smelting furnace of the blacksmith.
kuṇṭha munda (loha) ‘hard iron (native metal)’
dolucu ‘to make a hole’ Rebus: dul ‘cast metal’
‘Sloping’: ढाळदार [ ḍhāḷadāra ] a ( H) Sloping esp. steeply sloping.(Marathi) Rebus: ḍhāḷako ‘large ingot’ (Gujarati)
kānḍ a ‘notch’ Rebus:khānḍ a‘tools, pots and pans, meta-ware’. Rebus2: kaṇḍ ‘fire-altar’ (Santali)
kana, kanac = corner (Santali); Rebus: kañcu = bronze (Telugu) PLUS खांडा [ khāṇḍā ] m A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). Rebus: kāṇḍa ‘tools, pots and pans and metal-ware’Thus, bronze metalware. + kāṭi ‘body stature; Rebus: fireplace trench. Thus, furnace bronze metalware castings.
kolom ‘three’ Rebus: kolami ‘smithy, forge’ PLUS dula ‘two’ Rebus: dul ‘cast metal’.
Boar. Allograph: ‘rhinoceros’: gaṇḍá4 m. ʻ rhinoceros ʼ lex., °aka — m. lex. 2. *ga- yaṇḍa — . [Prob. of same non — Aryan origin as khaḍgá –1: cf. gaṇōtsāha — m. lex. as a Sanskritized form ← Mu. PMWS 138]1. Pa. gaṇḍaka — m., Pk. gaṁḍaya — m., A. gãr, Or. gaṇḍā. 2. K. gö̃ḍ m., S. geṇḍo m. (lw. with g — ), P. gaĩḍā m., °ḍī f., N. gaĩṛo, H. gaĩṛā m., G. gẽḍɔ m., °ḍī f., M. gẽḍā m.Addenda: gaṇḍa — 4. 2. *gayaṇḍa — : WPah.kṭg. geṇḍɔ mirg m. ʻ rhinoceros ʼ, Md. genḍā ← H. (CDIAL 4000). காண்டாமிருகம் kāṇṭā-mirukam , n. [M. kāṇṭāmṛgam.] Rhinoceros; கல்யானை. (Tamil) Rebus: kāṇḍa ‘tools, pots and pans and metal-ware’ (Gujarati)
kana, kanac = corner (Santali); Rebus: kañcu = bronze (Telugu)
ayo ‘fish’ Rebus: ayas ‘metal (alloy)’(Vedic); aya ‘iron’ (Gujarati)
‘Sloping’: ढाळदार [ ḍhāḷadāra ] a ( H) Sloping esp. steeply sloping.(Marathi) Rebus: ḍhāḷako ‘large ingot’ (Gujarati) PLUS dula ‘two’ Rebus: dul ‘cast metal’
’rim of jar’: kaṇḍ kan-ka, ‘rim-of-jar’; rebus: ‘furnace-scribe’ (Santali). कारणी or कारणीक [ kāraṇī or kāraṇīka ] the supercargo of a ship &c.
(Marathi)
kana, kanac = corner (Santali); Rebus: kañcu = bronze (Telugu)
miṇḍāl ‘markhor’ (Tōrwālī) meḍho a ram, a sheep (Gujarati)(CDIAL 10120); rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ ‘iron’ (Munda.Ho.) mr̤eka, melh ‘goat’ (Telugu. Brahui) Rebus: melukkha ‘milakkha, copper. Text of inscription is smudged.
Elephant ‘ibha’. Rebus: ibbo (merchant of ib ‘iron’)ibha ‘elephant’ (Skt.) Rebus: ibbho ‘merchant’ (cf.Hemacandra, Desinamamala, vaṇika). ib ‘iron’ (Santali) karibha ‘elephant’ (Skt.); rebus: karb ‘iron’ (Ka.)
Text of inscription is smudged; but, the traces do attest to their authenticity when compared with frequently used metalwork hieroglyphs on thousands of inscriptions in Indus script corpora.
Vasant Shinde and Rick Willis have demonstrated the possible use of such copper plates to create printouts. Hopefully such prints will be found on birchbarks or silk or cloth as 2000 sites of the civilization get explored fully in the Sarasvati River Basin. Such finds will reinforce the purport of the Indus Script to create metalwork catalogs founded on Meluhha speech.
A note on line engraving in the history of printing is reproduced below.
[quote]Line engraving has a very long history. Developed during the fifteenth century, engraving was at first traditionally regarded as a branch of the goldsmith’s art. During the latter 15th century and into the 16th century the art of engraving was developed to a very high degree by the Italian school, often by artists who turned their hands to engraving. Rapidly following them the Nuremburg school in Germany (Martin Schongauer, Durer, Van Mechens) took engraving to new heights of technical perfection. After this time the art of engraving gradually spread throughout Europe, England had resident engravers and the start of a school by around 1600.
The Technique –
Most plates that are classed as engraved start out by having parts of the main design etched first. (See Etching.) Etching gives a greater freedom and ease in laying down bold areas of design, the finishing and detail then being added by pure engraving.
The engraver used a burin (illustration above), or graver, which was a prism shaped bar of hardened steel with a sharp point and wooden handle. This was pushed across the surface of the plate away from the artist, the palm was used to push the burin and it was guided by the thumb and forefinger. The action of engraving produced thin strips of waste metal and left thin furrows in the plate’s surface, to take the ink. Any burr left on the edge of the engraved lines was removed with a ‘scraper’.[unquote]
Excerots from: http://www.antiqueprints.com/Info/engraving.php
S. Kalyanaraman
Sarasvati Research Center
October 21, 2014
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S. Kalyanaramanhttps://sites.google.com/site/kalyan97/national-water-grid
https://sites.google.com/site/indianoceancommunity1/
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